Establishing shot
This shot is when you take it from a long distance away at he beginning of a film or video and shows you where it takes place it is mainly used in the first sequence. To film this you might film it with a drone, you fly it towards the scene you are filming you then can make the camera go upwards or tilt it, go up or go downwards you could also zoom in or out. this is used to show the scene they are filming in.

• Smith, J. (2006). Glossary of film terms. Available: https://community.dur.ac.uk/m.p.thompson/filmterms.htm. Last accessed 24th September 2018.
• Mcgregor, L. (2017). The Filmmaker’s Guide to the Establishing Shot.  Available: https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/filmmakers-guide-establishing-shot/. Last accessed 24th September 2018.

Extreme close-up
This is when you get really close to something and show specific detail of someone or something.  However it is too close to do it normally, you’ll need a reason behind doing it, some people use it in horror films to get a close up of someone screaming.  This is also known as XCU. To film an extreme close-up you can either put the camera very close to what you are filming or taking a picture of or you can zoom in to get the extreme close-up you are looking for.

• Owen, D. (2017). Extreme Close Up (ECU, XCU). Available: https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/extreme-closeup.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018

Close-up
A close-up in filmmaking and photography is a type of shot that tightly frames a person or object. They are one of the main shots used most regularly with medium and long shots. to film a close up you should split you screen into thirds and then make sure the area above the eyes and below the chin are well balance and you should make sure that the eyes are on the top third line.

• Smith, L. (2018). Close-up. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-up. Last accessed 25th September 2018.
• Taylor, G. (2013). How to Frame the Perfect Close-up: a Detailed Guide for Filmmakers, with Pretty Pictures!. Available: http://www.lavideofilmmaker.com/filmmaking/how-to-shoot-the-perfect-close-up.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Medium close-up
Medium shots are used in sequences where dialogues or a small group of people are acting, as they give the viewer a view of the background and also show the peoples facial expressions and their body language. It is the most common shot in movies and it usually follows the first establishing shots of a new scene or location. To film this we normally use a lens that sees what the human eye can see.

• Williams, A. (2018). Medium shot. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_shot. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Long shot
In a film this is a view of a scene that is shot from a long distance, so that people appear as indistinct shapes. In photography and filmmaking this kind of shot normally shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. to film a long shot people use a wide-angle lenses (an approximately 25 mm lens in 35 mm photography and 10 mm lens in 16 mm photography).

• Brown, H. (2002). Long shot. Available: https://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/narratology/terms/longshot.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.
• Davis, L. (2018). Long shot. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_shot. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

High angle shot
A high-angle shot is when the camera is placed above a subject with the lens pointing down which makes the subject seem smaller and vulnerable. people use this shot to make the subject seem vulnerable or powerless when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects.

• Storytelling, C. (2006). high angle. Available: https://www.tboake.com/manipulation/Mosiadz/Mosiadz/page3.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Low angle shot
A low-angle shot is when the camera is placed below the subject and the lens is pointing up. This causes the subject to look nigger than it is. people use a low angle shot because it makes the subject look strong and powerful.

• Storytelling, C. (2006). high angle. Available: https://www.tboake.com/manipulation/Mosiadz/Mosiadz/page3.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Canted/Dutch angle
The Dutch angle is also known as Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle. this is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame. Dutch angle is used for dramatic effect and helps portray unease, disorientation, frantic or desperate action, intoxication, madness, etc.

• Wood, M. (2018). Dutch angle. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_angle. Last accessed 25th September 2018
• Owen, D. (2017). Dutch tilt. Available: https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/dutch-tilt.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Tilt shot
Tilting is when the camera stays in a fixed position but rotates up/down in a vertical plane. Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone raising or lowering their head to look up or down. The camera’s tilt will change the position of the horizon, changing the amount of sky or ground that is seen. Tilt downward is usually for a high-angle shot and bird’s-eye view but a tilt upward is for a low-angle shot and worm’s-eye view.  It is used to create a dramatic effect on the viewer.

• Adams, R. (2018). tilt (camera). Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt_(camera). Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Panning shot
A  panning shot is when the camera moves horizontally so that it sweeps around the scene. It can also be tilted up or down in a vertical panning shot or in a diagonal pan, as when it follows an actor up a stairway. To get a panning shot you need to set the Mode dial on your camera to Shutter priority mode (Tv). Then select a slow shutter speed – start with 1/60s. After set the camera to the Shooting mode to Continuous. Next Track your subject, whilst doing this you need to keep your camera and yourself as stable as possible. Once you have taken the photo your background should be a blur.

• Lewis, T. (2017). Expressive elements of motion pictures. Available: https://www.britannica.com/art/motion-picture/Expressive-elements-of-motion-pictures#ref508579. Last accessed 25th September 2018.
• Luttinger, A. (2016). Panning tips for action shots . Available: https://www.canon-europe.com/get-inspired/come-and-see/showcase/panning-photography/. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Pedestal Shot
A pedestal shot means moving the camera vertically with respect to the subject. This is often referred to as “pedding” the camera up or down. Pedestals are used in studio settings and provide a great deal of flexibility as well as very smooth movement, pedestals have the ability to move the camera in any direction (left, right, up, down).  A pedestal shot can be used to frame a tall or high subject (such as a building) while keeping the framing at eye level view for the viewer.

• Owen, D. (2017). Pedestal Shot. Available: https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/pedestal.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Zoom Shot
A zoom shot is the effect of rapid movement either towards or away from the subject being photographed or filmed, either by using a specialized zoom lens or by moving the camera on a boom, crane or dolly. Zoom effects can also be achieved and enhanced by the use of an optical printer.

• Thompson, M. (2006). Glossary of film terms. Available: https://community.dur.ac.uk/m.p.thompson/filmterms.htm#G. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Dolly shot
A dolly is a cart which travels along tracks. The camera is mounted on the dolly and records the shot as it moves. Dolly shots have a number of applications and can provide very dramatic footage. The camera dolly can be used as a shooting platform on any surface but is often raised onto a track, to create a smooth movement on a horizontal axis known as a tracking shot. 

• Owen, D. (2017). Dolly shot. Available: https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/dolly.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Dolly zoom (Trombone shot)
The dolly zoom is an in-camera effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception. To get this effect you zoom a zooming lens to change the angle of it whilst the camera moves towards or away from the subject you are filming.

• Lewis, S. (2018). Dolly zoom. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_zoom. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Tracking Shot
A tracking shot is when the camera is mounted onto a cart which travels along tracks. Tracking is often more narrowly defined as movement parallel to the action, or at least at a constant distance. It can also be defined as a shot in which the camera is pushed horizontally along the ground on a dolly.

• Owen, D. (2017). Tracking shot. Available: https://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/tracking.html. Last accessed 25th September 2018.

Crane shot
A crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib. Most cranes can take the camera and an operator, but some can be moved by remote control. People use this shot to end the film they are making as they can move the camera away from the actors and the scene. 

• Davis, O. (2017). Crane shot. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane_shot. Last accessed 25th september 2018.